Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading June 21, 2018

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading June 21, 2018 In this regular feature, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Your TBR list is about to get some new additions. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Jamie Canaves The Hollow of Fear (Lady Sherlock, #3) by Sherry Thomas (Berkley, October 2): Charlotte Holmes and Mrs. Watson are back and I may have screamed and startled everyone when this landed on my doorstep. This series is utterly delightful, smart, awesome and everythingâ€"EVERYTHINGâ€"I want in a gender swapped Sherlock. I am savoring every single word and page. (ARC) Liberty Hardy The Devotion of Suspect X by Keigo Higashino, translated by Alexander O. Smith: I will never not be excited to get book recommendations and discover books I haven’t heard about before! This one I think I picked up after seeing it on someone’s Instagram. (Rincey’s, possibly?) Anyway, it’s a kind-of murder mystery set in Japan. Kind of, in the sense that we know who did it and now it’s up to an expert brought in by the police, Dr. Manabu Yukawa, to figure it out. I am already looking forward to the second book! (paperback) Rebecca Hussey The Recovering: Intoxication and Its Aftermath by Leslie Jamison: I’m about a quarter of the way into this book and am thoroughly absorbed. It’s a personal history of the author’s addiction and also a cultural and literary history of addiction. I love the way Jamison mixes discussions of public policy, social trends, and literary analysis with her own story. (library hardcover) Jaime Herndon Evolution by Eileen Myles (Grove Press, September 11):  I’ve always loved Myles’s writing, and when I got to take a class with them during my writing program, I was thrilled. As soon as I heard about this book, I knew I had to read it. They manage to transcend genre: they write poetry, fiction, and nonfictionâ€"and sometimes blur the lines. To do this well requires talent, persistence, and ingenuity, and I appreciate that. I just started this book and it’s blowing me away. Their writing is muscular and incisive, landing like a much-needed punch to the gut sometimes; other times, it’s a rope to grab in times of need. This is poetry for the resistance, the r(evolution). (ARC) SW Sondheimer Heroine’s Journey by Sarah Kuhn (DAW, July 3):  The third installment of Kuhn’s trilogy (which also includes Heroine Complex and Heroine Worship) is an absolutely blast. Aveda, Evie, co continue grow and develop while remaining San Francisco’s premiere superlady team, and it’s a ton of fun to see all of the characters we’ve come to know and adore from Bea’s perspective. Finally accompanying Bea on her own journey is an honor and a privilege; a hilarious, awkward, rocky, determined honor and privilege. And the best news of all is that, while Heroine’s Journey marks the end of an arc and an era, there will be more stories set in the Heroine universe for us to enjoy. Long live the killer cupcakes and ceramic unicorns! (ARC) Tracy Shapley Less by Andrew Sean Greer: I hadn’t gotten around to reading Less because I only had half a dozen reasons to do so. Like, every person at Book Riot I talked to LOVED this book, and it won the Pulitzer and I have read all the Pulitzers, and authors I love and whose taste I respect said it was amazing, etc., etc., but it wasn’t until I found out that Greer is coming to read at Prairie Lights, my local indie bookstore, that I finally got off my ass and bought it. I’m glad I did because it is truly dazzling. I’m not one to laugh out loud at books but my cats have got to think I’ve lost my marbles what with all the snortling and giggling I’ve been doing at this gem. (hardcover) Margaret Kingsbury     The Poet X by Elizabeth Acevedo: After seeing it listed in contributor Laura Sackton’s list of 50 must-read audiobooks under 10 hours, I decided to give it a listen. Plus, I love poetry and YA. I’ve been reading a lot of books about race and feminism lately, and this ties in nicely to those themes. (library audiobook) Sarah Nicolas Mondays Not Coming by Tiffany D. Jackson:  I dont think I really understood what I was getting into with this book, but Id heard buzz and wanted to check it out. Its intense, but well worth it. TW for child abuse. (audiobook courtesy of publisher) Erin McCoy Torched by Donna Grant: I can always count on Donna Grant’s dragon shifter romances to be exhilarating and entertaining. At only a few chapters in, Torched has already pulled me out of my annual June reading slump and back into the complex world of dragon shifters, fae, and warriors. If Grant can pull off Ulrik’s redemption, which she’s certainly capable of, he may just be the ultimate paranormal redeemed hero. (paperback) Emily Wenstrom Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer: I frankly did not know much about VanderMeer until the teasers for this book’s movie adaptation started pushing out. Shortly after, I found out he was the keynote speaker for Writers Digest Conference this August, and decided to take a closer look. With a blend of science fiction, surrealism, and classic horror (I keep thinking of Dracula), it’s proving a dense but engrossing read. Alison Doherty The Way You Make Me Feel by Maurene Goo: I loved last summer’s I Believe in a Thing Called Love and one of my best friends accidentally got two copies of this one, so I lucked out and didn’t have to wait for it at the library. So far the romance and comedic elements of the story live up to what I loved about Maurene Goo’s last book! Aimee Miles Drawn Together by Minh Le, illustrated by Dan Santat:  I have technically already read this picture book in one sitting, but I know that I will be reading it again soon. The book tells the story of a boy and his grandfather who do not have a language in common, yet find a way to connect. Le’s use of silence is striking and the story of family love despite barriers of age, culture, and language is touching and encouraging. Santat’s incredible art mirrors the grandfather and grandson struggling to communicate, their images held in separate frames. But when they draw together, the art is limitless and intertwining. (hardcover) Rachel Brittain     Tell Me Again How a Crush Should Feel by Sara Farizan: This one has been on my shelf for a while, but when I read Farizan’s short story “Why I Learned To Cook” in Fresh Ink, I knew I was going to have to move it to the top of my TBR. It’s such a heartfelt story about a teen girl figuring out her identity and falling in loveâ€"and especially appropriate for Pride Month. (paperback) Alice Nuttall Chasing the Stars by Malorie Blackman:  Malorie Blackman is a hugely versatile author, but in this story she goes back to her sci-fi roots with a rewrite of Othello set in space. I loved Blackman’s dual narrative approach in her groundbreaking series Noughts and Crosses, and she uses it again here to brilliant effect, putting us right inside the heads of both of her spacefaring protagonists. Steph Auteri The Real Lolita by Sarah Weinman (Ecco, September 11): True crime has been hot lately, and the fact that this one is woven in with bookish history made it doubly attractive to me. The hype has been high, so I finally had to see this one for myself. (egalley) Elizabeth Allen All Happy Families by Jeanne McCulloch (Harper Collins, August 14): Taking place in the span of a single wedding, McCulloch tells the story of her family dynamic in a way that is at once wistful and painful. As she prepares to walk down the aisle knowing her father is in a coma miles away, she addresses the interfamilial crimes and joys. (galley) Christina M. Rau Chemistry by Weike Wang: I randomly saw this book in a magazine last week and remembered I’d wanted to read it when it was first published last year. The plot of young chemists trying to figure out family and cultural tradition along with romance sounded like exactly what I needed to get myself into. Picked it up yesterday and would have finished it in one sitting had I started it earlier in the day. I can’t wait to see where the unnamed narrator winds up. (not-heavy-at-all borrowed library hardcover) Leah Rachel von Essen Pachinko by Min Jin Lee (Grand Central Publishing): At BookExpo 2018, lucky me stumbled into the second spot of a signing for the paperback of what Roxane Gay called her favorite book of 2017. I’ve been wanting to dig into this intergenerational saga of a Korean family for a while, and it’s finally time. (paperback) Susie Dumond A Place for Us by Fatima Farheen Mirza: I’m a sucker for sad, character-driven, family dramas, and this one is right up my alley. It explores the complicated dynamics within an Indian American Muslim family living in California, from each perspective, over decades of their lives. The non-linear storytelling builds an intricate web of relationships and emotional history. Just like real families, their story is messy and difficult and tugs at the heartstrings. (egalley) Jess Plummer Venice by Jan Morris: I spent a week in Venice in April and fell madly in love. Luckily, Libreria Studium near Saint Mark’s Basilica had an ample selection of English-language books on Venice for me to fill my suitcase with! Morris is quite dated (this was originally published in 1963, and even this latest edition is 25 years old), but there are some lovely passages. (paperback) Bob Batson The Idiot by Elif Batuman (March 2017; Penguin Press): I put off reading this until the public frenzy over it died down, then I put it off until Book Twitter chilled out, then I put off until the paperback came out. All of those were mistakes, I should’ve bought it immediately. (paperback) Kristen McDeavitt The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx: I picked it up as soon as I finished her collection of Wyoming short stories, Close Range, mostly because “Brokeback Mountain” had me crying on a flight to Disneyland. Although I’ve only just started, I can tell the story of a broken-hearted man returning home to an unforgiving Newfoundland will be just as wrenching and beautiful. (paperback) Daisy Johnson The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir: I’ve been meaning to brush up on my feminist theory, and when I saw a copy of this in the charity bookstore, I had to pick it up. It’s early days so far, because there’s so much in it, and I suspect it might take me a while to fully get to grips with it. (paperback) Tasha Brandstatter Hate to Want You by Alisha Rai: Recommended by my fellow Rioters and it was on sale this week! (ebook) Eileen Gonzalez DC Comics: Bombshells, Vol. 2: Allies by Marguerite Bennett and Laura Braga (DC Comics):  I read the first volume a while ago and finally got around to buying the second one.  Every time I see a character I recognize from the main DC Universe I squee a little. (paperback) Beth O’Brien Her Body and Other Parties by Carmen Maria Machado: I’ve been in a reading slump for the last few weeks, unable to dive into the books I’ve been wanting to. I’ve been reading poetry, and I thought perhaps another short form of writing would help me. So, I decided to pick up this short story collection. I’ve been meaning to read it for a while and now seemed like the perfect time. So far, so weird. Elisa Shoenberger The Feather Thief by Kirk W. Johnson: I heard about the book through Outside Magazine’s Facebook book club page. It’s an fascinating book about an unlikely thief: a young flutist who steals 200+ dead birds from a British Natural history museum. It’s a window into a unknown world and a scientifically devastating crime. (hardcover) Danielle Bourgon No Time to Spare by Ursula K. Le Guin: I picked this book up off my nightstand while I wait for my next book club pick and other much-anticipated library holds to come in. I’ve been pleasantly surprised by the beautiful and efficient writing from this giant of an author who I confess I haven’t enjoyed in the past. The essays are relatable, pleasant, and witty. (hardcover) Tirzah Price Amelia Westlake by Erin Gough (Poppy, 2019): This current read comes with a little story. I read Gough’s first novel, published in the U.S. as Get It Together, Delilah, last year and I adored it. When I learned about Amelia Westlake, I was devastated to hear that it was only available in Australia. So I did what any reasonable book lover wouldâ€"I tracked down a website that looked vaguely legitimate and was willing to ship it to the U.S.…for a fee. Five weeks later, I had the book in hand! Two days after that, I learned that North American rights had sold in the U.S.! No matter. After reading the first chapter, I knew Amelia Westlake was worth it. However, if you do not get your kicks from sending lots of money across the world on a gamble for a single book, look for Amelia Westlake Was Never Here, coming from Poppy in spring 2019! It’s funny and smart and feminist and it’s QUEER! (paperback) Erika Harlitz-Kern The Dreamblood Duology by N.K. Jemisin: This duology has been on my TBR since I first discovered N.K. Jemisin a couple of years back. Now I’m finally reading it. All the hallmarks of a Jemisin novel are here, but I am finding these two to be more difficult to get into than the previous books I’ve read by her. (paperback) Anthony Karcz Kitchen Confidential by Anthony Bourdain: Ive been familiar with the chef-lebrity for years and have loved watching him chew the scenery (literally and figuratively) on his own show as well as on cooking reality shows like Top Chef. With his recent death, I realized that Id denied myself some of his most potent, most entertaining, stories by not reading any of his novels. I started amending that immediately. Tara Cheesman Tell Them of Battles, Kings Elephants by Mathias Enard (New Directions, November 2018):  I requested an advance copy from the publisher after reading last year’s Compass. Compass is a brick, and there were times when all the minutiae Enard includes about classical music was too much even for me (who, for the record, loved that book). Tell Them of Battles, Kings Elephants is shorter by several hundred pages, and the storyâ€"about a trip to Constantinople that Michelangelo may or may not have taken in 1506 to design a bridge over the Golden Hornâ€"is as captivating.  I’ll be recommending it to EVERYONE as a gateway into Enard’s writing. (ARC) Jessica Pryde Counterpoint by Anna Zabo (Carina Press, September 2018): I devoured the first book in this series,  Syncopation,  over the weekend. I’d picked it up at the RT Convention and had been meaning to read it, but Sarah MacLean’s rec on When In Romance sealed it. I had gotten a copy of Counterpoint just a few days before, and immediately started reading it when I was done with Syncopation. I don’t usually go straight to the next one in a series, but I’m definitely not sorry. (eARC) Annika Barranti Klein     Sadie by Courtney Summers (MacMillan, September 4): Courtney is a friend of mine, which is convenient because I can yell at her when each of her novels DESTROYS ME MORE THAN THE LAST. I am maybe a quarter of the way into Sadie and it is for sure going to destroy me in ways her previous books could only have dreamed of. CURSE YOU COURTNEY I LOVE YOU. (eARC) Emily Polson   The Elegance of the Hedgehog by Muriel Barbery, translated by Alison Anderson: I recently got to meet the editor in chief of Europa Editions after a talk he gave about small independent presses. I had never before read a book from that publisher, but I found his presentation so compelling that I went to borrow one from my library immediately afterward. The Elegance of the Hedgehog is one of their bestselling books, so I figured it was a good place to start. They specialize in literature in translation, which I am trying to read more of, so this was perfect. (ebook) Christine Hoxmeier Calling My Name by Liara Tamani: I wish I could remember how I first learned about this bookâ€"maybe I was browsing my local bookstore and it was an employee pick? Regardless, I’ve been looking for more YA books that tackle faith, religion, and spirituality in teens (that aren’t necessarily religious books themselves), and this book sounded like it fit the bill. I’m loving the lyrical prose and quiet nature of the book thus far, as it explores a girl, Taja, growing up in Houston, being raised in a church-going family. (hardcover) Jessica AVERY One for the Rogue by Manda Collins (St. Martin’s Press, June 26): I loved the previous book in Collins’s Studies in Scandal series, Wallflower Most Wanted, so when St. Martin’s Press sent me the ARC for One for the Rogue I was over the moon. The heroine, Gemma, is a geologist (yay historical STEM heroines!) as is the hero, Cameron, and I just love watching two people with shared passions (for rocks and each other) not be able to resist falling in love! Plus it’s not a proper fossil appreciation party if someone doesn’t end up dead, so there’s a little murder mystery thrown in there as well.  (eARC)

Compare And Contrast Wigulf And Beowulf - 874 Words

The definition of a hero has changed very little since humankind’s early origins. The case is no different in the story of Beowulf, the mighty Geat king and his nephew, Wiglaf. They are two men who risk their lives for others, and truly care about the well being and state of life of their friends, family, and people. Gold and fame are usually motivators for most so called â€Å"heroes†, but there are three traits required of a true protector of the masses. Although one can make an argument that Beowulf and Wiglaf are selfish heroes for hire, their bravery, strength, and determination demonstrates their moral standings and code of ethics. Bravery, the first of the three core traits, is arguably the most important factor in the making of a†¦show more content†¦Beowulf and Grendel both have monstrous strength. The difference between the two is how they use it. Grendel chooses evil over good, and eats those who try to protect Herot. He meets his match unexpectedly in the heroine of our story while greedily yanking soldiers out of their beds.. Beowulf is so confident in his physical abilities that he grabs hold of Grendel with his bare hands. This epic explains the situation by telling us â€Å"Nothing could take his talons and himself (Grendel) from that tight hard grip†(32). Beowulf makes short work of Grendel and makes him bleed to death whilst running away. Grendel reaches the lair where his mother resides. After his death, his mother seeks revenge. She rushes to Herot and grabs up men. Beowulf seeks and finds her lair without much opposition and grabs a mighty sword. He grabs the giant forged weapon that the epic describes as â€Å"so massive that no ordinary man could lift†(37), and kills Grendel’s mother, showcasing why he is remembered among the legends to this day. The last trait that defines a hero is determination. A determined mind and soul can accomplish things that exceed expectations, and determination is a motivating factor in many rags to riches stories. Beowulf finally earns his one true reward upon his his death. The story tells us that â€Å"His soul fled from his breast to its destined place among the steadfast ones†(48). His determination to

Child Observation Case Study of an Elementary Student...

The student that I am observing for my case study is a very imaginative student in our classroom. I believe this because I can say one word to this student and he can come up with a whole story just from that word. When he works one on one with a teacher, he is very cooperative and polite. I recently noticed that if a fellow classmate were struggling with a particular concept, he would try to give them hints towards the answer. There are quite a few patterns of behavior that have been interfering with this student’s school success. The one that I would like to focus on for this case study is this student’s aggressive behavior. We have been in school for approximately 9 weeks now, and each week we have seen some type of aggressive†¦show more content†¦In order to prevent this behavior from occurring and harming the other students in our class, we have pulled this student out prior to large group activities to work one on one with a teacher. During these times he is working with educational material, he is not just playing. What my mentor and myself I have noticed from this behavior is that he is a completely different student in this atmosphere. What I mean by this is that when he has the full attention of the teacher, he is very polite, he will cooperate with the teacher and he is very helpful. When he is engaged, he will work hard on whatever the task is and contribute in a mea ningful way. The reason I believe this intervention is effective for this student and helps to decrease his aggressive behavior, is because there are times that he becomes aggressive in order to gain the attention of either his peers or a teacher. For example, during a group discussion he will call out answers and my mentor will ask him not to do this. After she tells him this he resorts to hitting his neighbor. By giving this student a teacher’s full attention, he no longer needs to resort to acts of aggression. Also, when he works one on one with my mentor or myself, me, he has fewer distractions from other students and can concentrate on what his task is. He seemsShow MoreRelatedDo Violent Video Games Encourage Negative Behavior?1817 Words   |  8 PagesVIOLENT VIDEO GAMES ENCOURAGE NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN? HEATHER E. BANWART COMPOSITION II NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY November 13, 2014 Abstract The following paper is inspired by my own observations of my youngest child after he’s been playing a violent video game. The information gathered and presented in this paper is to show how violent video games may encourage negative behaviors in a child after exposure. There have been a number of studies conducted to support the argument thatRead MoreBehavior Management Project Essay1759 Words   |  8 Pagesthis discipline plan is a 7 year old, first grade girl who attends Riverhall Elementary. Over the course of this teacher candidate’s observation the student displayed many disruptive behaviors and at times became defiant when the behaviors were addressed. It is not this teacher candidate’s opinion that the student has a specific disorder such as ADD or ADHD that contribute to her behavior. When she wants to be the student is very bright and capable of doing her work well. This teacher candidateRead MoreThe Youth Through Prevention And Detection, Rehabi litation, And Establishing A Future For Juvenile Justice System Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferently to become more effective. Sam, a four year old preschool student, has been identified as an â€Å"at-risk† child after a referral from his teacher. The student exhibits anti-social behaviors, temper tantrums and aggression toward students and teachers. How has the teacher come to the conclusion that this child was indeed â€Å"at-risk†? Who will this referral be sent to? How will this child be helped? Through studies on young children in a variety of structured settings, numerous factors haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Autism On Children With Different Disabilities1471 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was kid in elementary school I always wondered why there were students who walked around my school that looked and acted differently. I understood everyone was different or unique, as my teachers would say, but these kids more unique than usual. When I got to high school I was able to expand my understanding for why there were students who were different. Now that I am in college not only has my understand ing, I am also able to apply what I’ve learned in a real setting if ever needed to. Read MorePsychology vs Common Sense1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmust first look at what the two schools of thought are. The word psychology is the combination of two terms – study (ology) and soul (psyche), or mind. The derivation of the word from Latin gives it this clear and obvious meaning. â€Å"Psyche† is defined as: (A) The spirit or soul. (B) The human mind (C) In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the centre of thought, emotion, and behavior. Defining â€Å"Soul†, we have: 1. The spiritual or immortal elements in a person. 2. A person’s mental, moral or emotionalRead MoreAnalysis And Synthesis Of The Students At An Elementary School1511 Words   |  7 Pages1. Analyses And Synthesis The student I chose to base my case study on is a 3rd grade student at an elementary school. For the purpose of this case study, we will call the student Darnell. Darnell is an 8-year-old African American male diagnosed on the autism spectrum. Darnell is the youngest child; he has another sibling, an older sister who is in the 4th grade. She has not posed any form of learning or intellectual disability. Darnell’s father is a 32-year-old engineer and is divorced from Darnell’sRead MoreHow Psychologists Are Addressing The Connection Between Green Outdoor Spaces And Student Behavior1892 Words   |  8 Pagesexamines how psychologists are addressing the connection between green outdoor spaces and student behavior. Researchers from many different fields of psychology, clinical, developmental, behavioral, and ecological, have been looking into stress relief for decades, but have only recently in the early 1990s begun looking into the interaction between green outdoor space and its restorative effects on student stress, anxiety, attention and depression. We will review the growing body of scientificRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 Pagesconnection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the research. However, for this paper I chose to conduct a literature analysis to see what research has been conducted and to seek out gaps and themes in this research. Introduction After the elementary school shooting of Sandy Hook in 2012 this issue of violent video games became a hot issue calling for a connection of violence to video games. However, the final investigative report suggested that he was more a fan of nonviolent games (FergusonRead MoreFS 1 portfolio10152 Words   |  41 PagesFulfillment Field Study 1 Rachel Shayne A. Besangre Student Mrs. Terencia R. Arnejo Instructor October 2013 I. Acknowledgement I am very much thankful to the teachers, faculty, student and parents who helped me and gave me ideas that inspired me and touched me deeply, without them I could not finish this partial fulfillment of Field Study. I also thank the school personnel, ________________, _________________ that graciously welcome and allowed me to have an observation of their respectiveRead MoreEssay about Bullying Research Study2838 Words   |  12 PagesStudies indicate that bullying is highly prevalent in classrooms today and that bullying has negative consequences on self-esteem, motivation and learning. Administrators understand the seriousness of bullying and agree that prevention programs should be implemented. Studies have been conducted on how to prevent bullying using school-wide inclusion programs but no studies have currently been conducted regarding one teacher’s attempt at providing a safe learning environment using these resources

How Are Theories Formed Free Essays

What is a Theory? We often hear someone say â€Å"That’s just a theory† or on the contrary – â€Å"In theory and in practice, it always works. † This term may indeed hold in itself a somewhat ambiguous undertone, and lead to confusion and misuse. Let’s look at the origin of the word; according to an etymology dictionary, theory derives from the Greek â€Å"theoreo† which means ‘to look at’, ‘to observe’. We will write a custom essay sample on How Are Theories Formed? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The definition tells us that one must firstly observe a phenomenon so that a theory about a certain aspect of it could form. There are essentially three forms of theories, and although they are different, all of them have one thing in common – a theory is always born with observation. The first form is theory as a belief, found in humanities such as philosophy and arts – this type is a theory that can guide or predict certain behavior in a social situation. For example: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs or the Karl Marx Theory of Bureaucracy. This is when someone might say â€Å"That’s just a theory†. The second form of theory is used primarily as a possibility, in other words as a tentative insight into the natural world – for example, the most famous in this category would be the Evolution Theory or in physics a String Theory. Finally, the third form is the scientific theory, and according to www. wordnet. princeton. edu, it is â€Å"A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena. In order for a theory to be considered scientific, it needs to satisfy certain parameters, which distinguishes it from the other two forms. Firstly, a scientific theory will explain how nature works for example Newton’s Theory of Universal Gravitation, or Kinetic Theory of Gases, and it will do so with significant evidence – unlike in the other forms, a scientific theory is always well tested by numerous experiments. This leads to the n ext point – scientific theories are mathematical in nature, meaning they explain measurable phenomena, and not abstract concepts, such as the theories in the first category. Why did I state that String Theory and Evolution Theory are not scientific theories as opposed to Kinetic Theory of Gases? The answer lies in the hypothesis of these theories. A hypothesis is a proposal intended to explain certain observations, a prediction. It must be testable, meaning that whichever prediction you make, you need to be able to prove it works. It also must be falsifiable, meaning capable of being proven wrong. In both the String Theory and the Evolution Theory, the hypothesis fails, because you cannot possibly test them and also prove them wrong. These are the steps in the formation of a scientific theory: 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis based on observation 3. Experiments 4. Evidence 5. Theory First form doesn’t make it to step 3 and second form doesn’t make it to step 4 – only scientific theories make it to step 5. The method outlined in these steps is called an inductive approach to science. It was introduced by Francis Bacon and he said that a scientist needs to erase what he knows in terms of science, and start with a clean slate, tabula rasa; his knowledge will be based on observation, lead to hypothesis, then to evidence (or lack thereof), then to theory and its generalization. The relationship between a theory and evidence is crucial – without evidence, there is no theory and no science, just random observations. To better demonstrate inductive method, let’s take Aristotle as an example. He observed dropping down two objects at the same time, and with numerous experiments he saw that objects which are heavier fall faster to the ground than lighter ones. So that was his theory, and it stayed that way until Galileo Galilei opposed it. This is what inductive method is about – you base your theory on observation and make it a scientific fact until something else contradicts it. It is similar to coming across mammals and saying all animals are warm blooded – until you come across a reptile. When Galileo objected to Aristotle’s theory, he said to forget inductive method and instead focus science on the deductive approach, an exact opposite. Instead a scientist would work from an already existing theory – an argument is that scientists make progress when they hold an idea in mind and then they go to observe and gather evidence for that idea/theory. Proponents of the deductive method assert that science makes progress through meta-theories, meaning that in place of one theory, another one will emerge. So when Galileo opposed Aristotle’s theory, he proposed that the different speeds of objects falling to the ground have nothing to do with their masses, but instead occur because of air resistance and acceleration due to a gravitational pull. He was right and Aristotle was wrong. Below is a summary of how evidence and a theory interact in their relation to each other. Evidence - theory (inductive) Theory - evidence (deductive) Meta-theory - theory - evidence (deductive) As mentioned throughout the paper, the validity of a theory and its worthiness depend primarily on the evidence and proof which is gathered after the theory has been stated. For example, the recent theory that all physical objects in the world and all living organisms are holograms is mind bending and would be a tremendous breakthrough in the world of science had the hypothesis been testable. Just like with the Theory of Evolution and Theory of Creationism, the Theory of a Hologram World, remains a theory â€Å"yet to be proved right†. The issue here though is overwhelming – how much information and evidence does one theory require in order for it to become a law/fact of science? And even when it does become a law such as Law of Gravity or Law of Multiplication Table in mathematics, it exists only as far as contradictory evidence is not presented, because in science, observations take precedence over everything else. Scientists also know that in science, there is no certainty. Before 1800’s people thought they have sufficient evidence that the Earth was flat, it is funny to us now, but who knows maybe in three centuries down the road we will also be laughed at. Going back to the question of how much evidence is needed for a theory to become accepted as science – this has also to do with the way a theory is structured, worded. Again, its linked to mathematics and measurement – the more precise the theory is in terms of numbers, the easier it would be to measure it. The more vague and open to interpretation it is, the harder it would be to come to a conclusion. This is concerned with issues of metaphysical/ontological theories – examination of nature as a physical experience versus a mental, spiritual experience. Another very important issue arises from the question – who researches scientific theories? At the end of the day, science is researched by people, and written by people. When evaluating theories, one might question the bias factor and the personal interest factor in the developments of science. Enterprise and governmental politics may play a key role when time will come to take a closer look at a contentious theory. Part 2: Question 4 One of the most controversial issues is regarding the question whether psychology really can be encompassed as a science or not. Psychology means the study of the human mind, also the study of human behavior, and science in its simplest definition is the explaining of the world through empirical and numerical evidence. Science as a concept is very structured – because the very nature of things it looks at, can be researched and studied under laboratory, experimental conditions. Paul Lutus, in his article â€Å"Is Psychology a Science? † states, â€Å"We should determine whether psychology can be relied on to objectively support the social and legal policies that are based on it. In modern times, such a serious public burden can only be borne by a field that is based on reason, on science. † If psychology is in fact responsible for providing answers, what is the content of this science? Psychology differs from biology and neuroscience primarily because it is concerned with the study of the mind rather than the brain. It focuses on the study of concepts of perception, cognition, interpersonal relationships between people and what motivates individuals to behave the way they do. Psychology also aims at treating mental disorders and classifying abnormalities and ways to cure them. Psychology differs from other social sciences such as anthropology, economics and sociology due to experimentation and the primary focus on the individual, or on small groups of individuals, rather than society as a whole. The next question would be, what is the methodology applied in psychology as a science to research the content? As the object of interest in psychology is the human mind, the most effective way to gain insight would be to apply projective techniques to the subjects of research. Projective techniques involve asking subjects to interpret or fill in visual stimuli, complete sentences, or report what ssociations particular words bring to mind. The way the questions are structured, enables the patients to project their own personalities onto the stimulus, often revealing personal conflicts, motivations, coping styles, and other characteristics. The best known projective test is the Rorschach test, created in the 1920’s by a Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach (r orschach. org). It consists of a series of ten cards, each containing a complicated inkblot. Some are in black and white, some are in color – subjects are asked to describe what they see in each card. Another famous projective technique in its purest form was established by Sigmund Freud, called free association, where the subjects are told not to filter out anything that comes into their mind and speak it out freely, so that language and voice communication acts as a direct channel to what is going on inside a person’s head. Methodology applied in psychology, consists of essential three elements: research, diagnosis and therapy. Most importantly, in order for diagnosis and therapy to be meaningful, the research i. e. he experiments need to be conducted in a way that assumes minimal bias and maximum control of the variables. Psychology is excellent at describing phenomena, however it often cannot reliably explain these occurred phenomena; this is to be expected, after all the object of study is the most complex and genius creation in nature – the human mind. Works Cited Lutus, Paul. (2009, May 12) Is Psychology a Science? Retrieved from http://www. arachnoid. com/psy chology/index. html Online dictionary www. wordnet. princeton. edu/perl/webwn? s=theory www. rorschach. org How to cite How Are Theories Formed?, Papers

The Forgotten Prejudice Essay Research Paper Prejudice free essay sample

The Forgotten Prejudice Essay, Research Paper Prejudice is defined certainly as the mistreatment of a individual or people due to a preconceived prejudice. In Britain today there is an compulsion with non being racialist, and to a lesser extent, non being male chauvinist. However rampant homophobia still exists and noone sees fit to knock. So here we go # 8230 ; .. Homophobia ; the word itself is a simbol of the difference between the sentiments of society on the mistreatment of cheery people compared to the mistreatment of adult females or cultural minority groups. The word suggests an irrational fright, instead than a offense or bias as racism sexism and agism do. Bing homosexual is a natural thing. Having observed the disgusting biass that seem to travel manus in manus with homosexualism in our society, one imagine that noone would Choose to be gay. You can non take who you fall in love with. When you hit puberty, you find yourself attracted to people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forgotten Prejudice Essay Research Paper Prejudice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You do non consciously make up ones mind to be straight. Therefore one conclude that you do non consciously make up ones mind to be cheery. Finally, many species of wild animate beings ( including camelopard, monkeys and birds ) have displayed homosexual behavior. Therefore homosexualism does happen in nature.Some people claim that being homosexual is unnatural. Clearly they are incorrect. Many people base their averments that being homosexual is incorrect or in some manner pervert on their spiritual beliefs. This one find incredable. God makes adult male in his image, he has a intent for each of us etc. Why so would he do some people gay if being homosexual is unbearable to him. If homosexualism is a wickedness, and God makes some people gay, what sort of average fast one is that? ( I know that that is a really simplis tic manner of stating it ) . God purportedly loves everyone. Would he desire the ostracision of some of his kids because of their sexual preferance? Some people claim that there is something ‘wrong’ with the heads of homosexual people, in other words proposing that they are mentally disturbed or unnatural. If this was true, would it be an alibi for their mistreatment? It may be true that the encephalon of a cheery individual may be different in some manner from the head of a consecutive individual ( one dont know ) But the head of a adult male is different to that of a adult female. As one hope we all see, different does non intend inferior. And wouldnt it be God that is responsible for those differences? We do non populate in an equal society, and likely neer will. Peoples are non equal until everyone in society is treated on the footing of the content of their character and non on their age, gender, societal category, cultural beginning, or gender. Their are non arguements that can warrant the intervention of cheery people as 2nd category citezens. Peoples are prepared to overlook mistreatment. Why arent homosexual people allowed to acquire married? Marriage is non strictly about reproduction ; sterile twosomes arent forbidden from acquiring married. Marriage should be about love. Peoples should be treated with compassion. Until every member of society is treated reasonably, non of its members are treated reasonably. I can non digest bias, in any of its signifiers, and i hope that people who have read this agree. It is easy to defend causes that have already been fought, such as gender and racial equality. One twenty-four hours homophobia should be treated with equal disdain. Currently it is seen as an acceptable sentiment. This is clearly a serious societal job.

buy custom Boston Massacre essay

buy custom Boston Massacre essay The Boston Massacre expressed the peoples discontent at the kind of rules that the colonialists wanted to implement in America. It was also called the the bloody massacre in the King Street and the state street massacre. The street shooting that led to the loss of human lives was such a dramatic occurrence that caused the American Revolution. The massacre has sparked a lot of debate on the person or authority to be held liable for the bloody killing, whether it was the soldiers who violated the colony laws, which ruled out firing at the people, or the civilians who insulted the soldiers.Therefore, the research focuses on the background of issues leading to the confrontation, an account of the event, trial, and aftermath of the event, then a conclusion. Despite the position taken regarding an individuals views, the Boston Massacre is still considered a typical landmark of the American Revolution. Background The Boston massacre occurred on 5th march, 1770 when the British regulars murdered five Bostonians in the confrontation that occurred on the King Street.Typically, the killings resulted from the tension that the appearance of the royal troops in Massachusetts had caused. Notably, the troops presence was to impose the tax burden that the Townshend Act had imposed in the area. Also, they were to restore the British law and order that was deteriorating in the region. As the Americas colonial power, Britain had to ensure that order was maintained and the people had to follow the laws to the latter. The colonial master had to deal with the apparent difficulties that the soldiers had to go through. Notably, the soldiers kept on patrolling on King Street and were to maintain peace. Still, there was no abuse of any kind. Moment later, a crowd of people gathered at the street, but, was unarmed. The only notable thing is that they had sticks and were expressing distress at the perceived military roughness in the city.However, there was no call for firearms use. Account of the events The first troops from Britain reached Boston in 1768.Notably, their arrival triggered hostility between the soldiers implementing the Kings rule and the civilians in Boston. Indeed, it was the Boston Importers who ignored the custom duties that they were required to pay, who caused the trouble. Some of the Bostonians were not happy with the soldiers because they were implementing what the people regarded as impressments laws. Under such laws, the civilians could be seized forcefully and incorporated in the British Navy. In discomfort to the rules, clashes began to arise between the civilians and the soldiers. A consequential fight erupted on 2nd March, 1770 between John Grays employees and the soldiers.One employee insulted a soldier, who invited fellow soldiers to retaliate the insult. The fight attracted a large crowd that had similar discomfort, at the manner in which the soldiers did their work. Therefore, the soldiers were forced to use the weapons in defense. The second fight followed a disputed bill that a British officer had failed to settle his bill at a wig-maker shop, located at the King Street.The officer was confronted and forced to pay for the debt. Indeed, the confrontation attracted a large crowd that became hostile, leading to a heavy fight. As the fight continued, another confrontation ensued between Redcoats and the civilians. There was also a third crowd carrying clubs and matching towards the Dock Square. Soldiers tried to repel the crowd that turned violent. Trouble was increasing all around the city and attracted a large crowd that jammed the King Street and became rowdy.The crowd started throwing coal chunks, snowballs and oyster shells at the soldiers. Then, the crowd was ordered to disperse, but turned deaf ears at the call. The crowd intensified their match towards the soldiers and one of them grabbed a soldier and banged him down. In response, the soldier unloaded the musket pointing at the crowd and started firing. Then the soldier shouted fire, and the others joined him in firing at the crowd.Despite firing, the large crowd did not retreat, but, matched to the soldiers. The soldiers continued to fire in response to the jostling crowd. At that time, five civilians died on the street and several others sustained serious injuries. The crowddid not give up due to their determination to fight and the soldiers did not wait. They loaded the guns once more and ready to open fire. This made the captain to shout, Stop firing. The acting governor of the town, Thomas Hutchinson heard the shooting incident while at his home in North Square and rushed to the scene.He found the captain and the angry crowd still at the embattled street. He talked to the captain and asked him, Do you know, sir, you have no power to fire on anybody of the people gathered, except you have a civil magistrate with you to give orders.The captain replied, I was obliged to, to save the sentry.Then governor proceeded to the Town House, where he guaranteed the council members who had gathered that justice would take its course. He also assured the crowd that he would do all to ensure justice is done and asked them to remain calm. The Trials According to Linder, the authority agreed that Captain Preston had to face trial separately from the other eight soldiers. However, the soldiers objected this in a letter that they wrote to the court. The letter stated that, the distressed prisoners begged to be let free to have their trial when Captain Prestons case was being heard. This is because the soldiers carried out orders from the captain, and those who disobeyed the orders could be confined or shot. Linder further stated that, the soldiers feared that Prestons defense lay in refuting that he gave orders to fire, while the soldiers knew that their defense lay in making the claim that they strictly, followed their captains orders. The soldiers knew that if Captain Preston proceeded for trials first, their defense could be compromised. As a result, the conflict that occurred between Preston and the soldiers presented attorney John Adams with a dilemma because he had accepted to defend both parties. According to best practices, John should have made a decision to represent either the eight soldiers or Captain Preston, however, in the 1700s such kind of conflicts were viewed differently. Unfortunately, the soldiers plea to have a joint trial was denied without clarification. Captain Preston was the first person to face trial for murder. The trial lasted for ten days, from October 24th to October 30th at the Queen Street Courthouse. Samuel Quincy who was the solicitor general and Robert Paine a prominent Boston lawyer led the prosecution. John Adams was assisted by Josiah Quincy in defending Preston. The issue during the trial was whether Preston ordered the soldiers to fire civilians. Moreover, Linder asserted that Preston steadfastly denied that he ordered the soldiers to fire the civilians. Three defense witnesses supported Prestons account in denying that he gave orders to fire the civilians while four witnesses supported the prosecution that, indeed, Preston gave the order. Calef Daniel was the only prosecutions eyewitness whose statements were convincing. Daniel claimed that he was present at the firing, and in fact he heard one of the guns rattling. He said further that he turned around, and heard the officer who stood on the right order the soldiers to fire. The officer was wearing a yellow jacket, redcoat, a hat with silver lace, and an untrimmed coat. Daniel swore that he saw his face because the moon was shining Sadly, copies of the trial do not exist even though the trial was written in shorthand. The testimony of Preston was surmised from the evidence that he gave during the advance trial. Preston submitted an account of how some people asked him if the guns were charged and he replied with a yes answer. Conversely, when the same people asked him if he intended to order his men to fire, Preston vehemently denied. Nevertheless, while Preston was still speaking with the civilians, one of the soldiers who had reeceived a blow stepped aside on one side and fired. When Preston turned around to ask the soldier why he had fired, he (Preston) was also struck on the arm with a club. This prevented him from using the arm for sometime, he lamented had the blow found his head it could have destroyed it. He went on saying that the attack was carried out on the civilians by using snowballs and clubs; hence, his life was also in danger. As everyone struggled to get a haven, some of the civilians called on the soldiers to fire. Immediately about four soldiers fired sequentially during the confusion. John Adams doubted the jurors minds, whether Preston ordered the soldiers to fire. The twelve man jury made deliberations for a few hours and finally acquitted Preston of all the charges that were labeled against him. After eight weeks, the soldiers faced trial. The witnesses testified on the clashes between military and civilians on what happened three days before the massacre as well as the events that took place during the night of the massacre. From the prosecutors side, the most damning evidence was that of Samuel Hemmingway who stated that Private Killroy Samuel who had been identified earlier by another witness actually shot John Gray. Killroy could not miss an opportunity to fire the inhabitants because he always wanted to shoot civilians from the first time he arrived. The defense lawyers presented testimonies to support the theory that soldiers merely fired in self-defense. One of the defense witnesses called James Bailey presented a photograph of a rowdy gang. Bailey explained how the soldiers were pelted with chunks of ice and other crude objects. In addition, Bailey testified that he saw Attucks Crispus hit Private Montgomery using a cord wood stick. Adams questioned the jury if they could stand still in such a situation and allow the mob to knock their brains. The Aftermath of Boston Massacre According to Reid Philip, Captain Preston and the four men that were in the Custom House were indicted on the 27th of March. The government gave the soldiers a fair trial so as to prevent retaliation from the British as well as to avert alienation of the moderates from the patriots cause. In defending the soldiers, Adams argued that if the soldiers lives were in danger because of the Negroes, saucy boys, molattoes, jack tarr, and Irish teagues, then the law allowed the soldiers to fight the civilians. Reid further says that John Adams blended eloquence and law in concluding his defense. He told the jury that this was a case of self defense. Justices Oliver and Trowbridge instructed the jury. Trowbridge told the Boston men that, malice distinguishes murder from every other homicide. On the other hand, Oliver asked Carr to determine whether a man who steps into eternity should not be believed, particularly in favor of those who he had lost his life to. Finally, Reid documented that after the deliberations, the six soldiers were acquitted of all the charges, however, Montgomery and Killroy were found guilty for an offense of manslaughter. The two soldiers appeared in court on the 14th of December to give the reason for not being liable for the killings and not face death sentence, they invoked the benefit of clergy. Ultimately the soldiers punishment was turned into thumb branding from imprisonment. The jurys decision was based on the belief that soldiers felt threatened by the civilians. Conclusion In summary, it is the peoples discontent that led to the resistance to the rules that the colonial masters wanted to impose on the people. However, the killing of the unarmed Protestants was regrettable. Thus, if the soldiers were provoked and no threat occurred in their lives, they were guilty for a charge of manslaughter. Finally, the judges verdict was inclined to one side, in support of the soldiers. Buy custom Boston Massacre essay

How to Identify the Theme of a Work of Literature

How to Identify the Theme of a Work of Literature A theme is a central or underlying idea in literature, which may be stated directly or indirectly. All novels, stories, poems, and other literary works have at least one theme running through them. The writer may express insight about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Subject Versus Theme Dont confuse the subject of a work with its theme: The subject is a topic that acts as the foundation for a work of literature, such as marriage in 19th-century France.A  theme is an opinion the author expresses on the subject, for instance, the authors dissatisfaction with the narrow confines of French bourgeois marriage during that period. Major and Minor Themes There can be  major and minor themes in works of literature: A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant idea in a literary work.A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly and that may or may not give way to another minor theme. Read and Analyze the Work Before you attempt to identify the theme of a work, you must have read the work, and you should understand at least the basics of the plot, characterizations, and other literary elements. Spend some time thinking about the main subjects covered in work. Common subjects include coming of age, death and mourning, racism, beauty, heartbreak and betrayal, loss of innocence, and power and corruption. Next, consider what the authors view on these subjects might be. These views will point you toward the works themes. Heres how to get started. How to Identify Themes in a Published Work Note the plot of the work: Take a few moments to write down the main literary elements: plot, characterization, setting, tone, language style, etc. What were the conflicts in the work? What was the most important moment in the work? Does the author resolve the conflict? How did the work end?Identify the subject of the work: If you were to tell a friend what the work of  literature was about, how would you describe that? What would you say is the topic?Who is the protagonist (the main  character)?  How does he or she change? Does the protagonist affect other characters? How does this character relate to others?Assess the authors point of view: Finally, determine the authors view toward the characters and the choices they make. What might be the authors attitude toward the resolution of the main conflict? What message might the author be sending us? This message is the theme.  You may find clues in the  language  used, in quotes from main characters, or in the final resolut ion of the conflicts. Note that none of these elements (plot, subject, character, or point of view) constitute a theme in and of itself. But identifying them is an important first step in identifying a works major theme or themes.