buy custom Boston Massacre essay

buy custom Boston Massacre essay The Boston Massacre expressed the peoples discontent at the kind of rules that the colonialists wanted to implement in America. It was also called the the bloody massacre in the King Street and the state street massacre. The street shooting that led to the loss of human lives was such a dramatic occurrence that caused the American Revolution. The massacre has sparked a lot of debate on the person or authority to be held liable for the bloody killing, whether it was the soldiers who violated the colony laws, which ruled out firing at the people, or the civilians who insulted the soldiers.Therefore, the research focuses on the background of issues leading to the confrontation, an account of the event, trial, and aftermath of the event, then a conclusion. Despite the position taken regarding an individuals views, the Boston Massacre is still considered a typical landmark of the American Revolution. Background The Boston massacre occurred on 5th march, 1770 when the British regulars murdered five Bostonians in the confrontation that occurred on the King Street.Typically, the killings resulted from the tension that the appearance of the royal troops in Massachusetts had caused. Notably, the troops presence was to impose the tax burden that the Townshend Act had imposed in the area. Also, they were to restore the British law and order that was deteriorating in the region. As the Americas colonial power, Britain had to ensure that order was maintained and the people had to follow the laws to the latter. The colonial master had to deal with the apparent difficulties that the soldiers had to go through. Notably, the soldiers kept on patrolling on King Street and were to maintain peace. Still, there was no abuse of any kind. Moment later, a crowd of people gathered at the street, but, was unarmed. The only notable thing is that they had sticks and were expressing distress at the perceived military roughness in the city.However, there was no call for firearms use. Account of the events The first troops from Britain reached Boston in 1768.Notably, their arrival triggered hostility between the soldiers implementing the Kings rule and the civilians in Boston. Indeed, it was the Boston Importers who ignored the custom duties that they were required to pay, who caused the trouble. Some of the Bostonians were not happy with the soldiers because they were implementing what the people regarded as impressments laws. Under such laws, the civilians could be seized forcefully and incorporated in the British Navy. In discomfort to the rules, clashes began to arise between the civilians and the soldiers. A consequential fight erupted on 2nd March, 1770 between John Grays employees and the soldiers.One employee insulted a soldier, who invited fellow soldiers to retaliate the insult. The fight attracted a large crowd that had similar discomfort, at the manner in which the soldiers did their work. Therefore, the soldiers were forced to use the weapons in defense. The second fight followed a disputed bill that a British officer had failed to settle his bill at a wig-maker shop, located at the King Street.The officer was confronted and forced to pay for the debt. Indeed, the confrontation attracted a large crowd that became hostile, leading to a heavy fight. As the fight continued, another confrontation ensued between Redcoats and the civilians. There was also a third crowd carrying clubs and matching towards the Dock Square. Soldiers tried to repel the crowd that turned violent. Trouble was increasing all around the city and attracted a large crowd that jammed the King Street and became rowdy.The crowd started throwing coal chunks, snowballs and oyster shells at the soldiers. Then, the crowd was ordered to disperse, but turned deaf ears at the call. The crowd intensified their match towards the soldiers and one of them grabbed a soldier and banged him down. In response, the soldier unloaded the musket pointing at the crowd and started firing. Then the soldier shouted fire, and the others joined him in firing at the crowd.Despite firing, the large crowd did not retreat, but, matched to the soldiers. The soldiers continued to fire in response to the jostling crowd. At that time, five civilians died on the street and several others sustained serious injuries. The crowddid not give up due to their determination to fight and the soldiers did not wait. They loaded the guns once more and ready to open fire. This made the captain to shout, Stop firing. The acting governor of the town, Thomas Hutchinson heard the shooting incident while at his home in North Square and rushed to the scene.He found the captain and the angry crowd still at the embattled street. He talked to the captain and asked him, Do you know, sir, you have no power to fire on anybody of the people gathered, except you have a civil magistrate with you to give orders.The captain replied, I was obliged to, to save the sentry.Then governor proceeded to the Town House, where he guaranteed the council members who had gathered that justice would take its course. He also assured the crowd that he would do all to ensure justice is done and asked them to remain calm. The Trials According to Linder, the authority agreed that Captain Preston had to face trial separately from the other eight soldiers. However, the soldiers objected this in a letter that they wrote to the court. The letter stated that, the distressed prisoners begged to be let free to have their trial when Captain Prestons case was being heard. This is because the soldiers carried out orders from the captain, and those who disobeyed the orders could be confined or shot. Linder further stated that, the soldiers feared that Prestons defense lay in refuting that he gave orders to fire, while the soldiers knew that their defense lay in making the claim that they strictly, followed their captains orders. The soldiers knew that if Captain Preston proceeded for trials first, their defense could be compromised. As a result, the conflict that occurred between Preston and the soldiers presented attorney John Adams with a dilemma because he had accepted to defend both parties. According to best practices, John should have made a decision to represent either the eight soldiers or Captain Preston, however, in the 1700s such kind of conflicts were viewed differently. Unfortunately, the soldiers plea to have a joint trial was denied without clarification. Captain Preston was the first person to face trial for murder. The trial lasted for ten days, from October 24th to October 30th at the Queen Street Courthouse. Samuel Quincy who was the solicitor general and Robert Paine a prominent Boston lawyer led the prosecution. John Adams was assisted by Josiah Quincy in defending Preston. The issue during the trial was whether Preston ordered the soldiers to fire civilians. Moreover, Linder asserted that Preston steadfastly denied that he ordered the soldiers to fire the civilians. Three defense witnesses supported Prestons account in denying that he gave orders to fire the civilians while four witnesses supported the prosecution that, indeed, Preston gave the order. Calef Daniel was the only prosecutions eyewitness whose statements were convincing. Daniel claimed that he was present at the firing, and in fact he heard one of the guns rattling. He said further that he turned around, and heard the officer who stood on the right order the soldiers to fire. The officer was wearing a yellow jacket, redcoat, a hat with silver lace, and an untrimmed coat. Daniel swore that he saw his face because the moon was shining Sadly, copies of the trial do not exist even though the trial was written in shorthand. The testimony of Preston was surmised from the evidence that he gave during the advance trial. Preston submitted an account of how some people asked him if the guns were charged and he replied with a yes answer. Conversely, when the same people asked him if he intended to order his men to fire, Preston vehemently denied. Nevertheless, while Preston was still speaking with the civilians, one of the soldiers who had reeceived a blow stepped aside on one side and fired. When Preston turned around to ask the soldier why he had fired, he (Preston) was also struck on the arm with a club. This prevented him from using the arm for sometime, he lamented had the blow found his head it could have destroyed it. He went on saying that the attack was carried out on the civilians by using snowballs and clubs; hence, his life was also in danger. As everyone struggled to get a haven, some of the civilians called on the soldiers to fire. Immediately about four soldiers fired sequentially during the confusion. John Adams doubted the jurors minds, whether Preston ordered the soldiers to fire. The twelve man jury made deliberations for a few hours and finally acquitted Preston of all the charges that were labeled against him. After eight weeks, the soldiers faced trial. The witnesses testified on the clashes between military and civilians on what happened three days before the massacre as well as the events that took place during the night of the massacre. From the prosecutors side, the most damning evidence was that of Samuel Hemmingway who stated that Private Killroy Samuel who had been identified earlier by another witness actually shot John Gray. Killroy could not miss an opportunity to fire the inhabitants because he always wanted to shoot civilians from the first time he arrived. The defense lawyers presented testimonies to support the theory that soldiers merely fired in self-defense. One of the defense witnesses called James Bailey presented a photograph of a rowdy gang. Bailey explained how the soldiers were pelted with chunks of ice and other crude objects. In addition, Bailey testified that he saw Attucks Crispus hit Private Montgomery using a cord wood stick. Adams questioned the jury if they could stand still in such a situation and allow the mob to knock their brains. The Aftermath of Boston Massacre According to Reid Philip, Captain Preston and the four men that were in the Custom House were indicted on the 27th of March. The government gave the soldiers a fair trial so as to prevent retaliation from the British as well as to avert alienation of the moderates from the patriots cause. In defending the soldiers, Adams argued that if the soldiers lives were in danger because of the Negroes, saucy boys, molattoes, jack tarr, and Irish teagues, then the law allowed the soldiers to fight the civilians. Reid further says that John Adams blended eloquence and law in concluding his defense. He told the jury that this was a case of self defense. Justices Oliver and Trowbridge instructed the jury. Trowbridge told the Boston men that, malice distinguishes murder from every other homicide. On the other hand, Oliver asked Carr to determine whether a man who steps into eternity should not be believed, particularly in favor of those who he had lost his life to. Finally, Reid documented that after the deliberations, the six soldiers were acquitted of all the charges, however, Montgomery and Killroy were found guilty for an offense of manslaughter. The two soldiers appeared in court on the 14th of December to give the reason for not being liable for the killings and not face death sentence, they invoked the benefit of clergy. Ultimately the soldiers punishment was turned into thumb branding from imprisonment. The jurys decision was based on the belief that soldiers felt threatened by the civilians. Conclusion In summary, it is the peoples discontent that led to the resistance to the rules that the colonial masters wanted to impose on the people. However, the killing of the unarmed Protestants was regrettable. Thus, if the soldiers were provoked and no threat occurred in their lives, they were guilty for a charge of manslaughter. Finally, the judges verdict was inclined to one side, in support of the soldiers. Buy custom Boston Massacre essay

How to Identify the Theme of a Work of Literature

How to Identify the Theme of a Work of Literature A theme is a central or underlying idea in literature, which may be stated directly or indirectly. All novels, stories, poems, and other literary works have at least one theme running through them. The writer may express insight about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Subject Versus Theme Dont confuse the subject of a work with its theme: The subject is a topic that acts as the foundation for a work of literature, such as marriage in 19th-century France.A  theme is an opinion the author expresses on the subject, for instance, the authors dissatisfaction with the narrow confines of French bourgeois marriage during that period. Major and Minor Themes There can be  major and minor themes in works of literature: A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant idea in a literary work.A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly and that may or may not give way to another minor theme. Read and Analyze the Work Before you attempt to identify the theme of a work, you must have read the work, and you should understand at least the basics of the plot, characterizations, and other literary elements. Spend some time thinking about the main subjects covered in work. Common subjects include coming of age, death and mourning, racism, beauty, heartbreak and betrayal, loss of innocence, and power and corruption. Next, consider what the authors view on these subjects might be. These views will point you toward the works themes. Heres how to get started. How to Identify Themes in a Published Work Note the plot of the work: Take a few moments to write down the main literary elements: plot, characterization, setting, tone, language style, etc. What were the conflicts in the work? What was the most important moment in the work? Does the author resolve the conflict? How did the work end?Identify the subject of the work: If you were to tell a friend what the work of  literature was about, how would you describe that? What would you say is the topic?Who is the protagonist (the main  character)?  How does he or she change? Does the protagonist affect other characters? How does this character relate to others?Assess the authors point of view: Finally, determine the authors view toward the characters and the choices they make. What might be the authors attitude toward the resolution of the main conflict? What message might the author be sending us? This message is the theme.  You may find clues in the  language  used, in quotes from main characters, or in the final resolut ion of the conflicts. Note that none of these elements (plot, subject, character, or point of view) constitute a theme in and of itself. But identifying them is an important first step in identifying a works major theme or themes.

MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Their human resources make them the best company by making sure they deliver the results as anticipated and with the best motivation to meet their required targets (Leavitt, 280). On their product development, they pay much attention to their shapes to attract more customers, the company is concerned with customer satisfaction as their driving factor in order to thrive in their business. These current assets are fast moving, and they avoid holding of stock to deter their development. In this case, their products are manufactured at a cost effective strategy and in return are sold at reasonable prices hence their success. The company has a very stable and straightforward thinking management which makes their plans and aims at achieving these strategic plans. Their management is set in a manner that they can coordinate their function globally hence making them meet the desired company outcome in the market. Their services are well planned, and it helps them to enjoy the competitive advantage in their operations. Lastly, the company has strategic plans which coordinate their functions. These plans are very vital in managing their progress (Leavitt, 280). They consistently use their swot analysis to meet their marketing needs according to the data obtained. This boosts their performance hence enjoying their competitive

Essentials of contemporary communication Assignment

Essentials of contemporary communication - Assignment Example The three skills most in demand are ability for versatile teamwork, problem solving, and communication. People are expected to work well with others and be able to switch easily from team to team, depending on the project. This implies a capacity for quick learning, high adaptability, and composure under pressure. This is an extension of teaming up and versatility a work. People who can recognize problems and implement solutions are esteemed by companies. Not only the management needs them; such people are the darlings of colleagues everywhere, and also of HR managers. Such people are blessed with the traits of thinking creatively, visualizing and suggesting solutions, knowing what to learn and how to do that at the right time. Communication skills are not just for professional advancement. Even as a personal trait it is very essential to be a welcome member of any group in family or society. But it has an added significance in the workplace—from performing the routine work, to securing timely promotions and wage hikes. Today’s communication needs can be classified broadly into three areas—written, oral and technological. Written: lot of documentation, reporting, correspondence and filling up of forms is involved in usual work. Excellence in these areas is necessary to cut one’s way through career goals. Oral: Simple speech communication matters a lot in today’s workplace. Good skills at this is needed for successfully selling your ideas to your manager for project approval, happy appraisal of work done and moving up the career ladder, giving instructions, understanding instructions and implementing things, maintaining rapport with co-workers of different levels and tempe rament, fruitful telephonic deals, interviewing people and gathering information, making presentations and a lot more. Technology: Proficiency with communication channels like telephone, fax, email,

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay: Importance of the Nighttime Forest

A Midsummer Night's Dream: The Importance of the Nighttime Forest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night's Dream the dark forest is the center of the world, relegating Athens, center of the civilized Greek world, to the periphery. Day gives way to night, and mortal rulers leave the stage to be replaced by fairies. The special properties of night in a forest make it the perfect setting for the four lovers to set out on a project of self-discovery. Shakespeare implies that in darkness, reliance on senses other than eyesight leads to true seeing. In A Midsummer Night's Dream, the nighttime forest, by disrupting and transforming vision, forces introspection and improvisation that help the four lovers on their way to self-understanding. The darkness of the night setting seems particularly important in a play (and a culture) where the language of love relies so heavily on sight imagery. Fairy magic literalizes the connection between love and sight: appropriately, Oberon's love juice is applied to the eyes. In the language of the play, to look on or at someone is the most common metonymic expression for falling in love with a new person, or for spending time with the one you already love. Lysander steels himself and Hermia against the trial of separation with a call to "starve our sight / From lover's food till morrow deep midnight" (1.1, ll. 221-2). Vision and hunger together become the elements of Lysander's metaphor about lovers and separation; to see is to be with, and a lover's company is elevated in importance to the need for food and drink. But Hermia and Lysander are not going to see each other by the light of day. The scant light of midnight-midnight, when dawn and dusk are both equally far off-will provide a ll... ..." which connotes shallow feeling (Garber 10/13); the word "dote" is instead reserved for description of his former feelings about Hermia (4.1 ll. 163-73). His feelings for Hermia are the ones that have metaphorically been snuffed out by the dawn, "melted as the snow" before the sun (4.1 l. 163). What began in night as magic, as introspection and improvisation, has in daylight solidified into deep feeling. Although he speaks of Helena being "the object and pleasure" of his eye, the visual metaphor is accompanied by a proclamation of the faith and virtue of his heart's devotion (4.1 ll. 166-7). Introspection allows keener observation; new ways of looking enrich more ordinary types of sight. Night teaches the four lovers how to see more clearly during the day. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993.

Cerelac Essay

SYNOPSIS This is a semester project (Research Report) regarding a baby food product named Cerelac of Nest ©. It starts with an introduction about Nestl © followed by the history of Nestl ©. It gives a briefing about all the brands of Nestl ©. This report also includes the marketing mix of the product. All the 4Ps of marketing mix for the product has been discussed and explained to reveal the significance of its product, pricing, placing and promotional activities. BCG matrix has also been included in this report to know about the current standing of brand in local culture. Segmentation and target marketing will help to understand the criteria of Nestl © marketing for the specific product. In the end, there are some recommendations for the company to enhance their profitably according to our research. After that, report has been concluded. INTRODUCTION Today, Nestl © is the world leading Food Company. Nestl © headquarters is in Switzerland. Its international R&D network supports the products made in more than 500 factories in 86 countries. The Nestl © factories are operating in the region of: Africa America Asia   Europe Oceania Being a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestl © remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and caring about the well being of its consumers. Meaning Of Nestl © Henri Nestl © endowed his company with the symbol derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Company’s logo and a symbol of the Company’s care and attitude to life-long nutrition. The Nestl © nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family hat are so essential to life. 1866 -1905 In the 1860s Factories were established in developing countries, particularly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the Company’s newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple drink of the US military. Nestl’s production and sales rose in the wartime economy. 1944 – 1975 The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestl ©. Growth accelerated and companies were acquired. In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby’s (1971) and Stouffer’s (1973). Diversification came with a shareholding in L’l 1974. 1975- 1981 Nestl ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s growth in the developing world partially offset a slowdown in the Company’s traditional markets. Nestl © made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc. 1981 – 1996 Nestl © divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestl ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most 1996 + The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestl ©: trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 here have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002: in July, Nestl © merged its U. S. ice cream business into Dreyer’s, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc. Mission Statement â€Å"Nestl © is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers’ needs and creating solutions, Nestl © contributes to your ell-being and enhances your quality of life.

CEO Subsidiary - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1524 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? CEO Subsidiary Contents 1.Shared Leadership: 2. Micro/ Macro management: 3. Selecting line mangers and their role: 4. Ensuring the skills of Line managers: 5. Providing training to line managers: 6. Evaluating the work in each department: 7. Support to managers: 8. Advantages and Disadvantages of shared leadership: 9. Recommendations: Bibliography 1. Shared Leadership: Leadership practices and perspectives are viewed a rising development towards seeing authority as collaborative effort between two or more persons. In the meantime, it is considered in traditional views of scholars that authority is something that is practiced by a single individual i.e, CEO. But now the changing need of world requires the concept of shared leadership. Being a CEO, I suggest that shared leadership is the power delegation to the most trusted managers to carry on the CEOs vision aligned with the companys objectives; this will maximize the output and human resources of a company. Shared power and collaborative decision making will bring innovative revolution and creativity through which a company may achieve heights of success and unique competitive edge. Thus, shared leadership is an important essence of modern business culture. (Crevani, Lindgren Packendorff, 2007) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "CEO Subsidiary" essay for you Create order 2. Micro/ Macro management: Being a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CEO, I prefer using dual management attributes. It means the applications of micromanagement combined with the macro management strategies and ideas. No doubt the micro management attributes are inherited, such as being focused on targets and deadlines, but with the changing perspectives, there is a need to satisfy the employee as well, and thus a dual management perspective ensures the traditional role of a CEO and the need to focus on employee satisfaction. Therefore managing with the macro techniques, collaborative and two end successes is achieved while to meet the deadlines and targets, micro strategies should also be implemented. (Tuggle, Christopher S., et al, 2010) 3. Selecting line mangers and their role: As a CEO, Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ll opt for the line managers because it shares the burden of responsibilities. Selecting first line managers ease out the burden to meet the deadlines, whereas their role and responsibilities as being a supervisor ensures the collaborative culture of the company. The line managers should have adequate skills to perform their role and responsibilities included as; managing people in routine (day to day), managing operational costs, technical work, providing expert insights to technical work, managing the work breakdown and resource utilization, providing results of timely activities, managing and controlling the projects and ensuring quality. (Kerzner, 2013) 4. Ensuring the skills of Line managers: Line managers has a direct role in managing, coaching, training and scheduling the project tasks, therefore no CEO wants to put the major tasks at risk. The line managers should act effectively and efficiently. Therefore some of their attributes such as effective communication, strategic thinking, managing risks and uncertain situations, ability to learn and improve from previous project experience. As CEO, tackling the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability and capacity is the first and foremost requirement. Investing on the line managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability grooming, we get a clear view on how effectively they understand the task, and perform the responsibilities, in turn they also get a comprehensive view of training and managing the tem under them. Summing up, being a CEO, one must ensure that its line managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance based on their abilities to produce excellence and also learn from past achievements and from seniors. (Gherardi, Silvia, and Annalisa Mu rgia, 2014) 5. Providing training to line managers: Yes I do provide them training and coaching through initiatives of different development programs and on the job training. Every human needs to learn, as the line managers are directly put into a place where they have to take a start from managing the team, they are the ones who need the training most. For example, a production supervisor need to know the technical aspect and in depth knowledge about how things work and what may lead to cut the operational cost most effectively. Thus they need training for; knowing the best practices of previous senior managers or role models learn to adapt the change and manage work in diverse workforce where people have entirely different perspectives, and to manage the uncertain events. For all this training; arranging developmental coaching and seminars for providing the aid through shared experiences could work well or enhance their capability and efficiency. (Kerzner, 2013) 6. Evaluating the work in each department: Evaluating the tasks of each department is not an easy job, yet the major responsibility of CEO. The evaluation process includes certain elements such as reviewing, controlling and monitoring. All the evaluation process requires effective and transparent communication between staff and the managers and through these managers to the CEO. Without the communication and fair discussion, no one can evaluate the departmental level activities in a correct manner. Therefore transparency and accountability are major players in effective communication and feedback. The evaluation requires discussion between the managers and reviewing the success of projects in timely manner. This all process is the basis for evaluation of all departments. Therefore, one needs the transparent discussion with its managers in order to evaluate the success and identify and control the pitfalls. (Gherardi, Silvia, and Annalisa Murgia, 2014) 7. Support to managers: I provide my managers the support through trust and flexible nature so that they can directly communicate any problem they are facing. Being a CEO, one needs to be flexible yet cautious in analyzing the details of each project. The sharp sense of understanding and identifying the real cause is the best attempt to success. Therefore being a CEO, understanding and realizing is the ability to get to know the mangers and their capacity to work and in turn analyzing the best person for the company. Reaching to the in depth reason for major and minor problems requires support to managers to communicate what they have analyzed in their departments. Therefore, one needs to support in uncertain situations, which I do, enthusing trust in the managers to know the problems they face and how it can be managed. This requires a non-rigid attitude of CEO, and being enough friendly to provide a platform for direct communication. (Gherardi, Silvia, and Annalisa Murgia, 2014) 8. Advantages and Disadvantages of shared leadership: ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Collaborative excellence Power sharing Sharing responsibilities Conflicts arising due to difference of perspectives Effective team work Ambiguity for finding the reporting centre Analyzing project gaps and solving the uncertainties with mutual agreement Might lack the transparency and accountability Effective communication leads to achieve effective outcomes Distribution of incentives, promotion and credibility ( Bergman, Jacqueline Z., et al, 2012) 9. Recommendations: I recommend the concept of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shared leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , as the world is transforming into a global world, all of the business of modern world require the concept and implication of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“process of integrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , thus to achieve the integration, one needs to work collaboratively and with shared visions. Thus for effectively leading an effective management of team, power distribution is an effective tool of modern practice of business. Shared management is a vital issue that influences the achievement and disappointment of each company, global wise regions and religious development. The pace of progress and unpredictability in todays business surroundings make administration progressively critical, setting implausible desires on gallant pioneers. Apparently, it is getting to be more troublesome for any single individual to have the majority of the aptitudes and capacities needed to proficiently lead associations today. Often, associatio ns take in the hard way that nobody individual can spare an organization from average execution and nobody singular, regardless of how talented a pioneer, can be correct, constantly and managed. As associations have consistently advanced into the learning economy we can no more depend on straightforward ideas of topà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"down, summon and-control authority, in light of the thought that specialists are only compatible mechanism. (Gherardi, Silvia, and Annalisa Murgia, 2014) Therefore I recommend utilizing the concept of shared leadership as it may bring the best outputs and effective results through collaborative decision making and participation. It helps to boost up the business and its activities in effective manner and it conveys that each person is accountable for its duty. Bibliography Bergman, Jacqueline Z., et al. (2012). The shared leadership process in decision-making teams. The Journal of social psychology, 152(1), 17-42. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224545.2010.538763#.VJ_9NsAA Crevani, Lindgren Packendorff. (2007). Shared leadership: a post-heroic perspective on leadership as a collective construction. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(1), 40-67. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:455741dswid=-6453 Gherardi, Silvia, and Annalisa Murgia. (2014). Imagine being asked to evaluate your CEOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦: Using the constructive controversy approach to teach gender and management in times of economic crisis. Management Learning, 1350507614549119. https://mlq.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/09/16/1350507614549119.abstract Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=enlr=id=QgQQC5qRtzgCoi=f ndpg=PT1dq=selecting+line+managersots=CyKmrI3HRsig=f2NqjNDPbj5LincITD8A2gbfmZA#v=onepageq=selecting line managersf=false Tuggle, Christopher S., et al. (2010). Commanding board of director attention: investigating how organizational performance and CEO duality affect board members attention to monitoring. Strategic Management Journal, 31(9), 94. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.847/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false